How does the body protect itself against cancer?

The body employs a mechanism known as immune surveillance to protect itself against cancer. This process involves the constant monitoring of cells for signs of dysregulation or mutation that may indicate the emergence of cancerous cells. Specialized immune cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, play pivotal roles in this surveillance. They are capable of identifying and destroying abnormal cells before they can proliferate and form tumors.

Immune surveillance operates through various mechanisms, including detecting tumor antigens—substances produced by cancer cells that signal their abnormality—and initiating an immune response to eliminate these cells. This vigilance is essential for maintaining cellular integrity and preventing the development of malignancies.

While antibodies circulate in the body and help in neutralizing pathogens, their role in directly combating cancer is not as direct compared to the functions of immune cells engaged in surveillance. Similarly, the production of red blood cells and the creation of new lymphatic vessels do not specifically target cancerous cells and are not primary mechanisms for cancer protection.