How does aging affect the immune system?

Aging significantly impacts the immune system, primarily leading to decreased immune function and increased susceptibility to diseases. This process, known as immunosenescence, involves various changes within both innate and adaptive immunity. For instance, the production of new immune cells diminishes as the thymus shrinks and less T-cells are produced. Furthermore, the functionality of existing immune cells can decline, affecting the body's ability to respond to infections effectively.

Older adults often exhibit a reduced response to vaccinations and a slower healing process due to this compromised immune system. As a result, they become more vulnerable to infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers, demonstrating a clear connection between aging and immune system efficiency. These changes underscore why recognizing the effects of aging on immunity is vital for developing health strategies for older populations.